Lesser Town of Prague
In the early 12th century, Prague was a flourishing city, over which gracefully shut down the princely castle. " Jews living there having a lot of gold silver, there are of all nations wealthiest buyers, there are pen�n�ci affluent, there stands a marketplace full of loot him ... "Wrote the unknown author of Prague in the late 11th century. The former Prague was situated on the territory of today's Old Town. Naming Older, or Greater City of Prague also gained after Ottokar II. granted city rights in 1257 to the Prague castle, already populated at least since the 10th century. This created new, later Lesser Town Prague - Mal� Strana. The influx of artisans and merchants in both cities grew stronger, especially when during the reign of Charles IV. Prague became the imperial residences and the emperor intended to make it the capital of the Empire Roman. Space defined by the walls of Prague towns, however, began to be numerous incoming soon too tight, so the monarch approached generous company - in 1348 he founded the New Town and has set for them vast territory extending between Vy�ehradem, Po����m and Old Town. It was gradually filled with an imposing townhouses, spacious marketplace, magnificent buildings and churches monasteries. Size and splendor to Prague this time rival The most famous cities of Rome, Florence, Paris, Cologne. Today's Small Party had adopted the name Lesser Town of Prague.

Premysl Otakar & nbsp; II.

P�emysl II. Otakar (born around 1233 - 26. 8. 1278) - Czech king, the most famous of the genus P�emyslid rulers. During his reign, creating a huge empire in Central Europe, contemporaries was called the king of iron and gold.

As the second son of King Wenceslas I had originally P�emysl become ecclesiastic. (His mother had been Kunhuta of the German House of Hohenstaufen). Then, when he died but his older brother Vladislav, despite his father left the rebel nobles elect a king. The revolt was soon suppressed and fourteen rebel went to jail. For a long time but he did not do it. Soon after V�clav in the country once again introduced a policy, named P�emysla the Margrave of Moravia.

In 1252 Premysl political reasons married for more than thirty years older than Margaret Bamberg. Europe is fun, ambitious prince, however, dowry was awarded the Austrian country.
The following year, in September dying V�clav I. and Premysl II. Otakar sits on the throne relaxed. Already in 1254 the pope issued a call for a crusade against the pagan Prussians. On that occasion founded on the shores of the Baltic Sea city of K�nigsberg, now Kaliningrad. P�emysl significantly planted as well as the new face of Prague: in 1257 on the left bank founded and fortified the New Town.

Disagreements with the Hungarian King Bela IV. vygradovaly to a decisive military encounter at Kressenbrunn in 1260. In the battle P�emysl won by a landslide, especially thanks to the deployment of heavy cavalry, iron knights, who formed the core of his army. In the same year Przemyslid monarch divorced barren Margaret Bamberg and took her granddaughter B�la IV. Cunigund. For the next twelve years, was one of the most successful period P�emyslova life. He controlled all of central Europe, in the south of his empire extended to the shores of the Adriatic. The expansion enjoyed not only weapons, but also a combination of diplomacy and money from the rich royal treasury.

The turnaround came in 1273, when the Czech king began to apply for a relaxed German throne and the title of Holy Roman Emperor. Despite the fact that the elector promised him support, eventually chose hitherto unknown but highly ambitious Count Rudolf of Habsburg. P�emysl act perceived as a betrayal and select concede, however, which incensed against each other nobility at home and abroad. In 1276 Rudolf invaded with an army into Austria. P�emysl he led his knights went opposite, but because of domestic rebellion led Witigonen family had to return, and the battle has not yet occurred. Under pressure then have to give up not only the Alpine countries, but also Chebsko, so he remained in control only of Bohemia and Moravia. Home P�emysl suppressed the rebellion and the collapse of the empire was not going to accept it. In 1278 he organized the campaign, which culminated on August 26 on a Moravian battlefield. P�emysl II. Otakar weakened betrayal several of his allies in the fight died. His demise heralded the onset of the Habsburgs, who soon became one of the most important European dynasties.